How Trading Works

How a system that can facilitate one billion sharesand selling of a certain stock, pair bids and asks
trading in a single day works is a mystery to me, sotogether to streamline the process and keep the
I thought I’d do a little digging and see if I couldspread small, but positive.
come up with the general process on how stockConsidering that the bid and ask prices are always
trading works. Here is what I found.changing, you need to be careful about your sales
The purpose of a stock market is to facilitate theand purchases. The price that is quoted may or may
exchange of securities between buyers and sellers,not be the price at which you actually buy or sell the
reducing the risks of investing. Just imagine howstock. There are several options regarding the
complicated it could become to sell shares if you hadmethod of execution for your trades:
to search for someone who wanted to buy yourMarket Orders: an order to buy or sell stocks at the
stock.prevailing market price. These are often the
When it comes to trading stocks, it’s not tradinglowest-commission trades because they involve very
in the typical sense of the word, where I give youlittle work on the broker's part.
this, if you give me that. Trading on the stockLimit Order: You tell your broker to buy a security at
market is more a matter of buying and selling, theseor below a specified price, or to sell a security at or
two components are what make upabove a specified price. This ensures that you will
‘trading’ when it comes to investing in thenever pay more for the stock than whatever price
stock market. As opposed to something like retailyou set as your "limit."
shopping where the prices are set by the seller andStop Order: You tell your broker to buy a security at
you can just walk into a store and purchasethe market price once it reaches a level higher than
something, the stock market functions more like anthe current market price. The opposite would be true
auction in which both buyers and sellers are activelyif you were selling: you would tell your broker to sell
setting the prices at the same time.your security once it reaches a level below the
With both buyers and sellers actively setting thecurrent market price. A market order to buy or sell a
prices in the stock market, it is only logical that therecertain quantity of a certain security if a specified
are subsequently two prices associated with everyprice (the stop price) is reached or passed.
stock, the bid price and the ask price. The bid price isDay Order: You tell your broker to execute the trade
the price at which buyers are willing to buy theby the end of the day; otherwise, he or she does
security whereas the ask price is the price at whichnot fill the order.
sellers say they will sell the security. These twoAll or None: an order type for a broker to execute a
prices are pretty much never the same: generally,trade only if every share of an order can be filled in
the bid is slightly below the ask. The differenceits entirety, or else not at all.
between the two is called the spread, the amountFill or Kill: You tell your broker to execute the trade
that is taken by your broker as profit. Specialists,immediately; if the trade is not filled right away then
who are in charge of the coordination of the buyingyour broker does not execute the order.